![]() ![]() While simplified schematics or models help to organize understanding of the influences on children’s health both during childhood and beyond, life is not as simple as these models suggest. ![]() Mothers may react with apathy or disinterest, which produces even more withdrawal on the part of the infant ( Lozoff, 1989). Warm and nurturing parenting is an important family influence, but prematurity or visual impairment can make an infant unresponsive to a mother’s initial nurturing. While biology, behavior, and environmental categories are useful for organizing our discussion, it is important to understand that healthy development is not the product of single, isolated influences or even types of influences. Even within a childhood stage, health influences can act in very different ways because of the differing cultural interpretations that families attach to them. For example, a pharmacological agent like thalidomide is highly toxic within a narrow window during pregnancy but not afterward, an attachment to a caring adult is especially critical during infancy, and peer influences appear to grow steadily from toddlerhood through adolescence. The role and effect of biological, behavioral, and environmental influences change as children grow. Organization of Influences on Children’s Health. ![]()
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